Network Management: Faulty devices can be removed from the network without bringing the network down.In a ring topology, a token is used as a carrier.Once the token received by the destination device, then it sends the acknowledgment to the sender. The data is passed from one device to another device until the destination address matches.The sender modifies the token by putting the address along with the data.A token moves around the network, and it is passed from computer to computer until it reaches the destination.Token: It is a frame that circulates around the network.Token passing: It is a network access method in which token is passed from one node to another node.The most common access method of the ring topology is token passing.The data in a ring topology flow in a clockwise direction.It has no terminated ends, i.e., each node is connected to other node and having no termination point.
The data flows in a single loop continuously known as an endless loop.The data flows in one direction, i.e., it is unidirectional.The node that receives the message from the previous computer will retransmit to the next node.Ring topology is like a bus topology, but with connected ends.Repeaters are used to regenerate the signal. Attenuation: Attenuation is a loss of signal leads to communication issues.Reconfiguration difficult: Adding new devices to the network would slow down the network.Signal interference: If two nodes send the messages simultaneously, then the signals of both the nodes collide with each other.If any fault occurs in the cable, then it would disrupt the communication for all the nodes. Difficult troubleshooting: It requires specialized test equipment to determine the cable faults.Extensive cabling: A bus topology is quite simpler, but still it requires a lot of cabling.Limited failure: A failure in one node will not have any effect on other nodes.Familiar technology: Bus topology is a familiar technology as the installation and troubleshooting techniques are well known, and hardware components are easily available.Moderate data speeds: Coaxial or twisted pair cables are mainly used in bus-based networks that support upto 10 Mbps.Therefore, the initial cost of installation is low. Low-cost cable: In bus topology, nodes are directly connected to the cable without passing through a hub.It does not work on "recovery after the collision". This technique effectively reduces the possibility of the collision.
If busy, then the sender waits until the media becomes idle.